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Technical Consultation on Decentralization Designing and Scaling-Up Productive Natural Resource Management Programs: Decentralization and Institutions for Collective Action by |
Working Group 7: Decentralization and natural resource
management (NRM)
(productive and conservation projects)
THE WORLD BANK
Work in progress
(Draft for comment)
December 9, 1997
Rural Development Department
The World Bank,
1818 H Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20433
Tel. 202 458 5436
email: [email protected]
{The author is on secondment to the World Bank from the Aga Khan Foundation. The views expressed here are those of the author and should not be attributed to either the World Bank, or Aga Khan Foundation}.
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
2. NRM, INSTITUTIONS FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION, AND DECENTRALIZATION
2.1 DEFINING NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
2.2 THE NATURE OF NATURAL RESOURCE GOODS
2.3 THE NECESSITY FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION TO MANAGE NATURAL RESOURCES
2.4 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL AND LONG ENDURING INSTITUTIONS2.4.1 Eligibility for institution membership and the resource boundary must be clearly defined
2.4.2 Rules governing resource appropriation (use) must be locally adapted
2.4.3 Institutions must adhere to democratic principles
2.4.4 Institutions must have authority and control over financial resources
2.4.5 There must be local monitoring of resource use and graduated sanctions
3. PRECONDITIONS: FOSTERING AN ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR EFFECTIVE NRM PROGRAMS
3.1 MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
3.2 REDUCE URBAN BIASES
3.3 INVEST IN RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS
3.4 LAND POLICIES3.4.1 Private property issues
3.4.2 Common property issues
3.4.3 Formal water markets
4.1 INDIVIDUALS DISCOUNT FUTURE BENEFITS
4.2 LOCAL ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY (LOC)
4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
5. PROGRAM STRATEGIES FOR CATALYZING THE SUPPLY OF LOCAL INSTITUTIONS
5.1 USING POSITIVE-SUM APPROACHES TO STRENGTHENING LOCAL ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY (LOC)
5.2 MOTIVATING COMMUNITIES USING APPROPRIATE “ENTRY POINT” ACTIVITIES
5.3 SUBPROJECT BENEFITS MUST ACCRUE QUICKLY AND LOCALLY5.3.1 Local level approval mechanisms for subproject proposals
5.4 STRUCTURING FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR ADOPTION OF NRM TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTITUTION FORMATION
5.5 USING CATALYTIC AGENTS TO FACILITATE THE FORMATION OF LOCAL INSTITUTIONS
5.6 PARTICIPATORY PROCESS FOR FORMING LOCAL INSTITUTIONS
5.7 PARTICIPATORY MICRO-LEVEL PLANNING TO MANAGE LOCAL COMPETITION FOR SCARCE RESOURCES
6. PATHS TO SCALING-UP OF PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES
6.1 FACILITATE FORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONS BASED ON COMMON INTEREST
6.2 CLUSTERING PROGRAM ACTIVITIES IN “NODES”6.3 MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS CAMPAIGN
6.4 ADOPT A STRUCTURED PARTICIPATORY PROCESS
6.5 LIMIT RANGE OF SUBPROJECT INTERVENTIONS SUPPORTED BY THE PROGRAM
6.6 STANDARDIZE MATCHING GRANTS FOR EACH AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONE
6.7 TRANSFER OF AUTHORITY AND CONTROL TO INSTITUTIONS6.7.1 Transfer responsibilities for implementation and operation
6.7.2 Transfer fiscal authority and control to institutions
6.7.3 Creating a maintenance fund6.8 MOBILIZING ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL SUPPORT
6.9 TRADE-OFFS IN SCALING-UP PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION6.9.1 Quality and representativeness of the participation process
6.9.2 Effectiveness and sustainability of the institutions
6.9.3 Linkage activities
6.9.4 Second generation issues
7. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
7.2 SINGLE SECTOR PROGRAM IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES DRAWING ON MULTIPLE AGENCIES FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
7.3 PROMOTING CHANGE AND COORDINATION BETWEEN PUBLIC LINE AGENCIES7.3.1 Policy framework
7.3.2 Support from Cabinet /Council of Ministers
7.3.3 Apex working/learning groups
7.3.4 Restructuring implementing agencies for client orientation7.4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FOR LEARNING AND ADAPTIVE PROGRAMMING
8. DESIGN OF DECENTRALIZED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR SUBPROJECT FINANCING
8.1 SOCIAL AND DEMAND DRIVEN RURAL INVESTMENT FUNDS
8.2 COMPLIMENTARITY BETWEEN IMPLEMENTING AGENCY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT
8.3 ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES REQUIRED OF A DECENTRALIZED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT8.3.1 Representative local government bodies responsible for subproject approval
8.3.2 Geographical targeting
8.3.3 Community procurement of goods and services
8.3.4 Advance payments and verification of the use of funds